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FIGURE 1 - Purple Emperor Doxocopa agathina male - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2007).
FIGURE 2 -  Purple Emperor Doxocopa agathina female - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith September 2007).
FIGURE 3 - Indigo Emperor Doxocopa kallina male - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith November 2007).
FIGURE 4 - Indigo Emperor Doxocopa kallina female - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith June 2008).
FIGURE 5 - Turquoise Emperor Doxocopa laurentia male - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2007).
FIGURE 6 - Turquoise Emperor Doxocopa laurentia female - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith June 2007).
FIGURE 7 - Linda Emperor Doxocopa linda mileta - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
COMPARATIVE GALLERY: SUBFAMILY APATURINAE - EMPERORS
Commonly known as Emperors, they are broad-bodied brightly-coloured butterflies. Like all Nymphalids they have reduced forelegs giving the impression of a 4-legged insect. The group has a worldwide distribution and their closest relatives appear to be the Charaxinae and the Satyrinae. Beware of confusion between some species and the Sisters Limenitidinae which can be very similar! Members of the genus Doxocopa can be instantly identified by their green tongues.
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Thanks to Ezequiel Nuñez-Bustos for assistance with butterfly identification.
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Special thanks to Ulf Drechsel for permission to use images from his site www.pybio.org.