FAUNA Paraguay Checklist of Paraguayan Hawkmoths
Very much a work in progress, this a list of the Hawkmoths recorded in Paraguay based on an upcoming annotated checklist (Smith, Kitching, Ríos, Haxaire & Ríos, in prep.). Species marked with a * have an image in the moth image gallery. Numbers in brackets after each taxonomic group refers to the number of species listed within it, the first figure being the number for which we have images taken in Paraguay or based on Paraguayan specimens.
Click on the links for access to image galleries.
The scientific name is given in italics followed by the descriptor and date.
A total of 99 species have been recorded in Paraguay.
Recent publications on Paraguayan Sphingidae:
Ríos Díaz, S.D. 2014. Catálogo de los Sphingidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) depositados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. Boletin MNHNP 18: 111-124.
Smith P, Rios Diaz S, Petko O, Smith R, Atkinson K. 2017. The hawkmoths (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) of Rancho Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro, Paraguay with documentation of five new country records. Revista del Museo de La Plata 2(2): 77-96.
CITE THIS LIST AS:
FAUNA Paraguay (date of access) - FAUNA Paraguay Checklist of Paraguayan Hawkmoths - Available online at www.faunaparaguay.com/listsphingidae.html
FAMILY SPHINGIDAE - HAWKMOTHS (92/99)
Subfamily Smerinthinae (7/7)
Mainly African and Oriental in distribution with very few species in the Americas. The hindwing bears a net-like pattern and the proboscis is reduced and non-functional resulting in a somewhat atypical lifestyle compared to other Sphingidae. Longitudinal stripes and oblique segmental stripes are often present in larvae. The proboscis of the pupa is fused with the body, not looped away from it as in most Sphingids. This subfamily was previously considered to be a tribe within the Sphinginae. A single tribe, the Ambulycini is present in Paraguay. (Moré et al 2005, Scoble 1995).
Tribe Ambulycini (7/7)
*Adhemarius daphne (Boisduval [1875])
*Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder 1874)
*Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll 1790)
*Orecta acuminata Clark 1923
*Protambulyx astygonus (Boisduval [1875])
*Protambulyx eurycles (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854)
*Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus 1771)
Subfamily Sphinginae (25/28)
Predominately New World in distribution, but some species occur in the Old World. Characterised by the lack of sensory setae on the inner surface of the first segment of the labial palps, symmetrical male genitalia and female genitalia with both lamella antevaginalis and lamella postvaginalis composing the genital plate. Larvae granulose or slightly spinose with paired lateral oblique lines on each section and a well-developed caudal horn. The proboscis is partly looped away from the body in the pupal stage. Adults large to very large. Two tribes are present in Paraguay, the Sphingini contains the majority of the species, the Acherontiini contains only a single species. (Scoble 1995; Moré et al 2005).
Tribe Sphingini (24/27) - Sphinxes
*Cocytius antaeus (Drury 1773)
*Cocytius duponchel (Poey 1832)
*Cocytius lucifer (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Cocytius mephisto Haxaire & Vaglia 2002
*Neococytius cluentius (Cramer 1775)
*Manduca albiplaga (Walker 1856)
*Manduca brasiliensis (Jordan 1911)
Manduca chinchilla (Gehlen, 1942)
*Manduca contracta (Butler 1875)
*Manduca corumbensis (Clark 1920)
*Manduca diffissa (Butler 1871)
*Manduca exiguus (Gehlen 1942)
*Manduca florestan (Stoll 1782)
*Manduca fosteri (Rothschild & Jordan 1906)
*Manduca hannibal (Cramer 1779)
*Manduca incisa (Walker 1856)
*Manduca lefeburii (Guérin-Méneville [1844])
*Manduca leucospila (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
*Manduca lichenea (Burmeister 1855)
*Manduca manducoides (Rothschild [1895])
*Manduca rustica (Fabricius 1775)
*Manduca sexta (Linnaeus 1763)
Neogene curitiba Jones 1908
*Neogene dynaeus (Hübner [1825])
Neogene pictus Clark 1931
*Neogene reevei (Druce 1882)
Neogene steinbachi Clark 1924
Tribe Acherontiini (1/1)
*Agrius cingulata (Fabricius 1775)
Subfamily Macroglossiinae (60/64)
This subfamily is characterised by a patch of short sensory hairs on the inner surface of segment 1 of the labial palps. Male genera may be symmetrical or asymmetrical and the genital plate is reduced and located posterior to the ostium. Eyespots are frequently present on larvae and the caudal horn is reduced. There are three tribes present in Paraguay. The Philampelini are mainly Neotropical in distribution and have a slender horn in the first instar larvae which is replaced by a "button-like" structure in the last instar. The Dilophonotini are also predominately Neotropical in distribution. The genitalia of both sexes is asymmetrical. Larvae are brightly-coloured, banded with black, white and yellow. The Macroglossini constitute an unnatural grouping whose larvae bear thoracical ocellate spots. (Scoble 1995; Moré et al 2005).
Tribe Dilophonotini (40/43)
*Aellopos clavipes (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
Aellopos fadus (Cramer 1775)
*Aellopos tantalus (Linnaeus 1758)
*Aellopos titan (Cramer 1777)
*Aleuron chloroptera (Perty [1833])
*Aleuron iphis (Walker 1857)
*Aleuron neglectum (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Callionima falcifera (Gehlen 1943)
*Callionima guiarti (Debauche, 1934)
*Callionima grisescens (Rothschild 1894)
*Callionima inuus (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Callionima nomius (Walter 1856)
*Callionima parce (Fabricius 1775)
*Enyo gorgon (Cramer 1777)
*Enyo lugubris (Linnaeus 1771)
*Enyo ocypete (Linnaeus 1758)
*Erinnyis alope (Drury 1773)
*Erinnyis crameri (Schaus 1898)
*Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus 1758)
*Erinnyis impunctata (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Erinnyis lassauxii (Bosiduval 1859)
*Erinnyis obscura (Fabricius 1775)
*Erinnyis oenotrus (Cramer 1780)
*Eupyrrhoglossum sagra (Poey 1832)
*Isognathus caricae (Linnaeus 1758)
*Madoryx bubastus (Cramer 1777)
*Madoryx oiclus (Cramer 1779)
*Nyceryx alophus (Boisduval [1875])
*Nyceryx continua (Walker 1856)
*Nyceryx furtadoi Haxaire 1996
*Nyceryx nictitans (Boisduval [1875])
*Nyceryx riscus (Schaus 1890)
*Nyceryx stuarti (Rothschild 1894)
*Pachylia ficus (Linnaeus 1758)
*Pachylia syces (Hübner [1819])
*Pachylioides resumens (Walker 1856)
*Perigonia ilus Bosiduval 1870
*Perigonia lusca (Fabricius, 1777)
*Perigonia pallida (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
Perigonia passerina (Boisduval [1875])
*Phryxus caicus (Cramer 1777)
Pseudosphinx tetrio (Linnaeus 1771)
*Unzela japix (Cramer 1776)
Tribe Philampelini (6/6) Painted Hawkmoths
*Eumorpha analis (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Eumorpha anchemolus (Cramer 1779)
*Eumorpha fasciatus (Sulzer 1776)
*Eumorpha labruscae (Linnaeus 1758)
*Eumorpha megeaceus (Hubner [1819])
*Eumorpha vitis (Linnaeus 1758)
Tribe Macroglossini (14/15) Slender Hawks
*Hyles euphorbiarum (Guérin-Méneville & Percheron 1835)
*Hyles lineata (Fabricius 1775)
*Xylophanes anubus (Cramer 1777)
*Xylophanes crenulata Vaglia & Haxaire 2009
*Xylophanes chiron (Frury 1773)
*Xylophanes elara (Druce 1870)
*Xylophanes fosteri (Rothschild & Jordan 1906)
Xylophanes kaempferi (Clark 1931)
*Xylophanes loelia (Druce 1878)
*Xylophanes pistacina (Boisduval [1875])
*Xylophanes pluto (Fabricius 1777)
*Xylophanes soaresi Haxaire & Mielke 2018
*Tersa Slender Hawk - Xylophanes tersa (Linnaeus 1771)
*Xylophanes titana (Druce 1878)
*Xylophanes tyndarus (Boisduval [1875])
References:
Kitching IJ, Cadiou JM 2000 - Hawkmoths of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Revisionary Checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) - Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London.
Moré M, Kitching IJ, Cocucci AA 2005 - Sphingidae: Esfíngidos de Argentina - LOLA, Buenos Aires.
Oehlke B accessed online December 2007 - Sphingidae of the Americas.
Scoble MJ 1995 - The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity - Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Turner D, Stanêk VJ 1992 - The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies and Moths - Select Editions, London.
Click on the links for access to image galleries.
The scientific name is given in italics followed by the descriptor and date.
A total of 99 species have been recorded in Paraguay.
Recent publications on Paraguayan Sphingidae:
Ríos Díaz, S.D. 2014. Catálogo de los Sphingidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) depositados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. Boletin MNHNP 18: 111-124.
Smith P, Rios Diaz S, Petko O, Smith R, Atkinson K. 2017. The hawkmoths (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) of Rancho Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro, Paraguay with documentation of five new country records. Revista del Museo de La Plata 2(2): 77-96.
CITE THIS LIST AS:
FAUNA Paraguay (date of access) - FAUNA Paraguay Checklist of Paraguayan Hawkmoths - Available online at www.faunaparaguay.com/listsphingidae.html
FAMILY SPHINGIDAE - HAWKMOTHS (92/99)
Subfamily Smerinthinae (7/7)
Mainly African and Oriental in distribution with very few species in the Americas. The hindwing bears a net-like pattern and the proboscis is reduced and non-functional resulting in a somewhat atypical lifestyle compared to other Sphingidae. Longitudinal stripes and oblique segmental stripes are often present in larvae. The proboscis of the pupa is fused with the body, not looped away from it as in most Sphingids. This subfamily was previously considered to be a tribe within the Sphinginae. A single tribe, the Ambulycini is present in Paraguay. (Moré et al 2005, Scoble 1995).
Tribe Ambulycini (7/7)
*Adhemarius daphne (Boisduval [1875])
*Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder 1874)
*Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll 1790)
*Orecta acuminata Clark 1923
*Protambulyx astygonus (Boisduval [1875])
*Protambulyx eurycles (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854)
*Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus 1771)
Subfamily Sphinginae (25/28)
Predominately New World in distribution, but some species occur in the Old World. Characterised by the lack of sensory setae on the inner surface of the first segment of the labial palps, symmetrical male genitalia and female genitalia with both lamella antevaginalis and lamella postvaginalis composing the genital plate. Larvae granulose or slightly spinose with paired lateral oblique lines on each section and a well-developed caudal horn. The proboscis is partly looped away from the body in the pupal stage. Adults large to very large. Two tribes are present in Paraguay, the Sphingini contains the majority of the species, the Acherontiini contains only a single species. (Scoble 1995; Moré et al 2005).
Tribe Sphingini (24/27) - Sphinxes
*Cocytius antaeus (Drury 1773)
*Cocytius duponchel (Poey 1832)
*Cocytius lucifer (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Cocytius mephisto Haxaire & Vaglia 2002
*Neococytius cluentius (Cramer 1775)
*Manduca albiplaga (Walker 1856)
*Manduca brasiliensis (Jordan 1911)
Manduca chinchilla (Gehlen, 1942)
*Manduca contracta (Butler 1875)
*Manduca corumbensis (Clark 1920)
*Manduca diffissa (Butler 1871)
*Manduca exiguus (Gehlen 1942)
*Manduca florestan (Stoll 1782)
*Manduca fosteri (Rothschild & Jordan 1906)
*Manduca hannibal (Cramer 1779)
*Manduca incisa (Walker 1856)
*Manduca lefeburii (Guérin-Méneville [1844])
*Manduca leucospila (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
*Manduca lichenea (Burmeister 1855)
*Manduca manducoides (Rothschild [1895])
*Manduca rustica (Fabricius 1775)
*Manduca sexta (Linnaeus 1763)
Neogene curitiba Jones 1908
*Neogene dynaeus (Hübner [1825])
Neogene pictus Clark 1931
*Neogene reevei (Druce 1882)
Neogene steinbachi Clark 1924
Tribe Acherontiini (1/1)
*Agrius cingulata (Fabricius 1775)
Subfamily Macroglossiinae (60/64)
This subfamily is characterised by a patch of short sensory hairs on the inner surface of segment 1 of the labial palps. Male genera may be symmetrical or asymmetrical and the genital plate is reduced and located posterior to the ostium. Eyespots are frequently present on larvae and the caudal horn is reduced. There are three tribes present in Paraguay. The Philampelini are mainly Neotropical in distribution and have a slender horn in the first instar larvae which is replaced by a "button-like" structure in the last instar. The Dilophonotini are also predominately Neotropical in distribution. The genitalia of both sexes is asymmetrical. Larvae are brightly-coloured, banded with black, white and yellow. The Macroglossini constitute an unnatural grouping whose larvae bear thoracical ocellate spots. (Scoble 1995; Moré et al 2005).
Tribe Dilophonotini (40/43)
*Aellopos clavipes (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
Aellopos fadus (Cramer 1775)
*Aellopos tantalus (Linnaeus 1758)
*Aellopos titan (Cramer 1777)
*Aleuron chloroptera (Perty [1833])
*Aleuron iphis (Walker 1857)
*Aleuron neglectum (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Callionima falcifera (Gehlen 1943)
*Callionima guiarti (Debauche, 1934)
*Callionima grisescens (Rothschild 1894)
*Callionima inuus (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Callionima nomius (Walter 1856)
*Callionima parce (Fabricius 1775)
*Enyo gorgon (Cramer 1777)
*Enyo lugubris (Linnaeus 1771)
*Enyo ocypete (Linnaeus 1758)
*Erinnyis alope (Drury 1773)
*Erinnyis crameri (Schaus 1898)
*Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus 1758)
*Erinnyis impunctata (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Erinnyis lassauxii (Bosiduval 1859)
*Erinnyis obscura (Fabricius 1775)
*Erinnyis oenotrus (Cramer 1780)
*Eupyrrhoglossum sagra (Poey 1832)
*Isognathus caricae (Linnaeus 1758)
*Madoryx bubastus (Cramer 1777)
*Madoryx oiclus (Cramer 1779)
*Nyceryx alophus (Boisduval [1875])
*Nyceryx continua (Walker 1856)
*Nyceryx furtadoi Haxaire 1996
*Nyceryx nictitans (Boisduval [1875])
*Nyceryx riscus (Schaus 1890)
*Nyceryx stuarti (Rothschild 1894)
*Pachylia ficus (Linnaeus 1758)
*Pachylia syces (Hübner [1819])
*Pachylioides resumens (Walker 1856)
*Perigonia ilus Bosiduval 1870
*Perigonia lusca (Fabricius, 1777)
*Perigonia pallida (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
Perigonia passerina (Boisduval [1875])
*Phryxus caicus (Cramer 1777)
Pseudosphinx tetrio (Linnaeus 1771)
*Unzela japix (Cramer 1776)
Tribe Philampelini (6/6) Painted Hawkmoths
*Eumorpha analis (Rothschild & Jordan 1903)
*Eumorpha anchemolus (Cramer 1779)
*Eumorpha fasciatus (Sulzer 1776)
*Eumorpha labruscae (Linnaeus 1758)
*Eumorpha megeaceus (Hubner [1819])
*Eumorpha vitis (Linnaeus 1758)
Tribe Macroglossini (14/15) Slender Hawks
*Hyles euphorbiarum (Guérin-Méneville & Percheron 1835)
*Hyles lineata (Fabricius 1775)
*Xylophanes anubus (Cramer 1777)
*Xylophanes crenulata Vaglia & Haxaire 2009
*Xylophanes chiron (Frury 1773)
*Xylophanes elara (Druce 1870)
*Xylophanes fosteri (Rothschild & Jordan 1906)
Xylophanes kaempferi (Clark 1931)
*Xylophanes loelia (Druce 1878)
*Xylophanes pistacina (Boisduval [1875])
*Xylophanes pluto (Fabricius 1777)
*Xylophanes soaresi Haxaire & Mielke 2018
*Tersa Slender Hawk - Xylophanes tersa (Linnaeus 1771)
*Xylophanes titana (Druce 1878)
*Xylophanes tyndarus (Boisduval [1875])
References:
Kitching IJ, Cadiou JM 2000 - Hawkmoths of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Revisionary Checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) - Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London.
Moré M, Kitching IJ, Cocucci AA 2005 - Sphingidae: Esfíngidos de Argentina - LOLA, Buenos Aires.
Oehlke B accessed online December 2007 - Sphingidae of the Americas.
Scoble MJ 1995 - The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity - Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Turner D, Stanêk VJ 1992 - The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies and Moths - Select Editions, London.
Thanks to Ian Kitching, Jean Haxaire and Ulf Drechsel for assistance with Hawkmoth business.
Designed by Paul Smith 2006. This website is copyrighted by law.
Material contained herewith may not be used without the prior written permission of FAUNA Paraguay.
Special thanks to Ulf Drechsel for permission to use images from his site www.pybio.org.
Designed by Paul Smith 2006. This website is copyrighted by law.
Material contained herewith may not be used without the prior written permission of FAUNA Paraguay.
Special thanks to Ulf Drechsel for permission to use images from his site www.pybio.org.
