![FIGURE 10a FIGURE 10a](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 56 Sostrata bifasciata 26 nov san rafael o7.jpg) | FIGURE 10a |
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![FIGURE 10b FIGURE 10b](Sostrata cronion upp sylvia 8 june 08 proc.jpg) | FIGURE 10b |
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![FIGURE 10c FIGURE 10c](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 48 Staphylus ascalon hesperiidae 3b san rafael 16 nov o7.jpg) | FIGURE 10c |
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![FIGURE 10d FIGURE 10d](SAN RAFAEL 66b Timochares trifasciata composite lower AEM 6 DEC 07.jpg) | FIGURE 10d |
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![FIGURE 10e FIGURE 10e](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 75 Trina geometrina 11 feb 08.jpg) | FIGURE 10e |
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![FIGURE 10f FIGURE 10f](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 99 Typhedanus undulatus may 08.jpg) | FIGURE 10f |
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![FIGURE 1a FIGURE 1a](ENCARNACION 79 Achylodes busirus male.jpg) | FIGURE 1a |
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![FIGURE 1b FIGURE 1b](ENCARNACION 73 Achylodes mithridates thraso.jpg) | FIGURE 1b |
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![FIGURE 1c FIGURE 1c](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 101 Achylodes mithridates hembra april 08 moriz.jpg) | FIGURE 1c |
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![FIGURE 1d FIGURE 1d](Anastrus sempiternus simplicior 5 may 09 enc.jpg) | FIGURE 1d |
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![FIGURE 1e FIGURE 1e](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 37 Anisochoria pedaliodina extincta 6 nov 07a.jpg) | FIGURE 1e |
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![FIGURE 1f FIGURE 1f](SAN RAFAEL 76 Anisochoria sublimbata.jpg) | FIGURE 1f |
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![FIGURE 1g FIGURE 1g](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 86 Antigonus erosus procosara 7 mar 08.jpg) | FIGURE 1g |
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![FIGURE 1h FIGURE 1h](Antigonus erosus 12 april 10 san raf female.jpg) | FIGURE 1h |
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![FIGURE 1i FIGURE 1i](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 52 Antigonus nearchus hesperiidae 3 san rafael 16 nov o7.jpg) | FIGURE 1i |
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Gallery 1 Achylodes, Anastrus, Anisochoria and Antigonus
FIGURE 1a - Giant Sicklewing Achlyodes busirus - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith June 2007).
FIGURE 1b - Common Sicklewing Achylodes mithridates male - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith June 2007).
FIGURE 1c - Common Sicklewing Achylodes mithridates female - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Moriz Stiefel April 2008).
FIGURE 1d - Anastrus semipternus - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2009).
FIGURE 1e - Anisochoria pedaliodina extincta - Estancia Kanguery, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith November 2007).
FIGURE 1f - Cut-wing Skipper Anisochoria sublimbata - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2007).
FIGURE 1g - Antigonus erosus male - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2008).
FIGURE 1h - Antigonus erosus female - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2008).
FIGURE 1i - Antigonus nearchus - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith November 2007).
COMPARATIVE GALLERY SUBFAMILY PYRGINAE - FLAT-WINGED SKIPPERS
Click on the photo to enlarge it to full size.
Click on the species links to access the FAUNA Paraguay Handbook of Paraguayan Fauna Species Account.
Gallery 5 Gesta, Gorgythion, Grais and Helias
FIGURE 5a - Gesta gesta - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Paul Smith October 2008).
FIGURE 5b - Gorgythion begga - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Jeni Oborn June 2008).
FIGURE 5c - Gorgythion beggina - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith April 2008).
FIGURE 5d - Grais stigmaticus - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Laura Tensen March 2008).
FIGURE 5e - Helias phalaenoides - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (upper Moriz Stiefel, lower Paul Smith May 2008).
Gallery 10 Sostrata, Staphylus, Timochares, Trina and Typhedanus
FIGURE 10a - Lavender Skipper Sostrata bifasciata - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith November 2007).
FIGURE 10b - Sostrata cronion - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Sylvia Qu May 2008).
FIGURE 10c - Staphylus ascalon - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith November 2007).
FIGURE 10d - Three-banded Skipper Timochares trifasciata - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (upper Paul Smith March 2007 lower Alberto Esquivel December 2007).
FIGURE 10e - Geometric Skipper Trina geometrina - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith February 2008).
FIGURE 10f - Typhedanus undulatus - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith May 2008).
![FIGURE 4a FIGURE 4a](ENCARNACION 99 Cogia calchas 22 jan 08.jpg) | FIGURE 4a |
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![FIGURE 4b FIGURE 4b](Cogia hassan lag bla 15 dec 09.jpg) | FIGURE 4b |
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![FIGURE 4c FIGURE 4c](TIROL 6 Dyscophellus erythras female.jpg) | FIGURE 4c |
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![FIGURE 4d FIGURE 4d](SAN RAFAEL 77c Ebrietas anacreon mix.jpg) | FIGURE 4d |
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![FIGURE 4e FIGURE 4e](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 69 Espargyreus clavicornis 31 JAN 08 proc.jpg) | FIGURE 4e |
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![FIGURE 4f FIGURE 4f](Erynnis funeralis bahia de asuncion 18 oct 09.jpg) | FIGURE 4f |
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![FIGURE 7a FIGURE 7a](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 59b composite Mylon maimon 26 nov san rafael o7.jpg) | FIGURE 7a |
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![FIGURE 7b FIGURE 7b](Mylon pelopidas www.pybio.org.jpg) | FIGURE 7b |
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![FIGURE 7c FIGURE 7c](TIROLNEW 28 Narcosius parisi.jpg) | FIGURE 7c |
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![FIGURE 7d FIGURE 7d](ENCARNACION 7b Nascus phocus female upp oct 06 low 22 april 08.jpg) | FIGURE 7d |
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![FIGURE 7e FIGURE 7e](Nisionades macarius sergio.jpg) | FIGURE 7e |
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![FIGURE 7f FIGURE 7f](TIROLNEW 48 Oechydrus chersis.jpg) | FIGURE 7f |
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Gallery 7 Mylon, Narcosius, Nascus and Oechydrus
FIGURE 7a - Mylon maimon - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith upper March 2007; lower November 2007).
FIGURE 7b - Mylon pelopidas - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 7c - Narcosius parisi - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith September 2007).
FIGURE 7d - Common Scarlet-Eye Nascus phocus female - Encarnaciòn, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith upper October 2006 lower April 2008).
FIGURE 7e - Nisionades macarius - location unknown (Sergio Rios undated).
FIGURE 7f - Oechydrus chersis - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith September 2007).
![FIGURE 2a FIGURE 2a](Astraptes anaphus enc 2 may 09.jpg) | FIGURE 2a |
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![FIGURE 2b FIGURE 2b](ENCARNACION 105 Astraptes creteus 16 april 08 encarnacion.jpg) | FIGURE 2b |
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![FIGURE 2c FIGURE 2c](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 90 Astraptes elorus 21 mar 08 procosara.jpg) | FIGURE 2c |
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![FIGURE 2d FIGURE 2d](Astraptes fulgerator proc 21 april 08 laura tensen.jpg) | FIGURE 2d |
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![FIGURE 2e FIGURE 2e](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 95 Astraptes fulgor may 08.jpg) | FIGURE 2e |
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![FIGURE 2f FIGURE 2f](Autochton zarex composite.jpg) | FIGURE 2f |
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Gallery 11 Urbanus
FIGURE 11a - Urbanus chalco - location unknwon (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 11b - Lilac-banded Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus dorantes - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith May 2008).
FIGURE 11c - Urbanus doryssus - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Jeni Oborn June 2008).
FIGURE 11d - Urbanus esta - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Moriz Stiefel April 2008).
FIGURE 11e - Urbanus procne - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
FIGURE 11f - Urbanus pronta - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Nick Simms February 2008).
![FIGURE 11a FIGURE 11a](Urbanus chalco www.pybio.org low res.jpg) | FIGURE 11a |
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![FIGURE 11b FIGURE 11b](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 97 Urbanus dorantes may 08.jpg) | FIGURE 11b |
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![FIGURE 11c FIGURE 11c](Urbanus doryssus 29 junio 08 jeni oborn.jpg) | FIGURE 11c |
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![FIGURE 11d FIGURE 11d](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 105 Urbanus esta april 08 moriz.jpg) | FIGURE 11d |
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![FIGURE 11e FIGURE 11e](ENCARNACION 68 Urbanus procne.jpg) | FIGURE 11e |
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![FIGURE 11f FIGURE 11f](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 78 Urbanus pronta nick simms feb 08 procosara.jpg) | FIGURE 11f |
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![FIGURE 3a FIGURE 3a](Bolla sp. 15 oct 08 enciso.jpg) | FIGURE 3a |
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![FIGURE 3b FIGURE 3b](Bungalotis astylos hembra procosara collection.jpg) | FIGURE 3b |
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![FIGURE 3c FIGURE 3c](Camptopleura auxo lag blanca 16 feb 10.jpg) | FIGURE 3c |
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![FIGURE 3d FIGURE 3d](Celaenorrhinus similis composite.jpg) | FIGURE 3d |
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![FIGURE 3e FIGURE 3e](ENCISO 2c Chioides catillus.jpg) | FIGURE 3e |
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![FIGURE 3f FIGURE 3f](ENCISO 16 Chiomara asychis.jpg) | FIGURE 3f |
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![FIGURE 3g FIGURE 3g](Chiomara mithrax 19 oct 08 arroyo clementina.jpg) | FIGURE 3g |
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![FIGURE 3h FIGURE 3h](Clito bubulus (hembra) 19 oct 08 arroyo clementina.jpg) | FIGURE 3h |
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![FIGURE 3i FIGURE 3i](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 33 Codatractus aminias.jpg) | FIGURE 3i |
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Gallery 2 Astraptes and Autochton
FIGURE 2a - Yellow-tailed Skipper Astraptes anaphus - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2009).
FIGURE 2b - Chalk-spotted Blue Skipper Astraptes creteus - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith April 2008).
FIGURE 2c - Astraptes elorus - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2008).
FIGURE 2d - Astraptes fulgerator - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Laura Tensen April 2008).
FIGURE 2e - Astraptes fulgor - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith May 2008).
FIGURE 2f - White-banded Skipper Autochton zarex - upper PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2008), lower Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith September 2007).
Gallery 3 Bolla, Bungalotis, Camptopleura, Celaenorrhinus, Chioides, Chiomara, Clito and Codatractus
FIGURE 3a - Bolla sp. - PN Tte Enciso, Departamento Boquerón (Paul Smith October 2008).
FIGURE 3b - Bungalotis astylos female - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 3c - Camptopleura auxo - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Paul Smith February 2010).
FIGURE 3d - Obstinate Skipper Celaenorrhinus similis - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (upper Sylvia Qu June 2008; lower Moriz Stiefel May 2008).
FIGURE 3e - White-striped Long-tailed Skipper Chioides catillus - PN Tte Enciso, Departamento Boquerón (Paul Smith July 2006).
FIGURE 3f - White-patched Skipper Chiomara asychis - PN Tte Enciso, Departamento Boquerón (Paul Smith July 2006).
FIGURE 3g - Chiomara mithrax - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Paul Smith October 2008).
FIGURE 3h - Clito bubulus female - Arroyo Clementina, Departamento San Pedro (Paul Smith October 2008).
FIGURE 3i - Gold-bordered Long-tailed Skipper Codatractus aminias - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2007).
![FIGURE 6a FIGURE 6a](SAN RAFAEL 64 Heliopetes alana.jpg) | FIGURE 6a |
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![FIGURE 6b FIGURE 6b](ENCARNACION 89 Heliopetes arsalte.jpg) | FIGURE 6b |
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![FIGURE 6c FIGURE 6c](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 74 Heliopetes libra female 10 feb 08.jpg) | FIGURE 6c |
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![FIGURE 6d FIGURE 6d](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 70 Heliopetes omrina 31 JAN 08 proc.jpg) | FIGURE 6d |
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![FIGURE 6e FIGURE 6e](Heliopyrgus domicella www.pybio.org.jpg) | FIGURE 6e |
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![FIGURE 6f FIGURE 6f](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 109 Milanion leucaspis april 08 moriz.jpg) | FIGURE 6f |
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Gallery 6 Heliopetes, Heliopyrgus and Melanion
FIGURE 6a - Alana´s White Skipper Heliopetes alana male - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2007).
FIGURE 6b - Heliopetes arsalte - Encarnaciòn, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith August 2007).
FIGURE 6c - Heliopetes libra female - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith February 2008).
FIGURE 6d - Heliopetes omrina - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith January 2008).
FIGURE 6e - Heliopyrgus domicella - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 6f - White Shield Skipper Melanion leucaspis - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Moriz Stiefel April 2008 ).
![FIGURE 9a FIGURE 9a](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 28 Pyrgus orcus pair mating 5 may 08.jpg) | FIGURE 9a |
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![FIGURE 9b FIGURE 9b](SAN RAFAEL 78 Pyrgis orycnoides.jpg) | FIGURE 9b |
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![FIGURE 9c FIGURE 9c](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES MARTIJN 29 Pyrgis orcynoides.jpg) | FIGURE 9c |
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![FIGURE 9d FIGURE 9d](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 80 Pythonides lancea David Gill procosara feb 08.jpg) | FIGURE 9d |
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![FIGURE 9e FIGURE 9e](SAN RAFAEL BUTTERFLIES 115 Quadrus cerialis sylvia qu 24 may 08.jpg) | FIGURE 9e |
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![FIGURE 9f FIGURE 9f](Quadrus u-lucida www.pybio.org.jpg) | FIGURE 9f |
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Gallery 9 Pyrgus, Pythonides and Quadrus
FIGURE 9a - Pluto´s Checkered Skipper Pyrgus orcus mating pair female upper, male lower - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith May 2008).
FIGURE 9b - Common Checkered Skipper Pyrgus orcynoides male - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2007).
FIGURE 9c - Common Checkered Skipper Pyrgus orcynoides female - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Martijn Brouwer May 2007).
FIGURE 9d - Blue Lance Skipper Pythonides lancea - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (David Gill February 2008).
FIGURE 9e - Ceres´ Skipper Quadrus cerialis - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Sylvia Qu May 2008).
FIGURE 9f - Quadrus u-lucida - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
![FIGURE 12a FIGURE 12a](ENCARNACION 15c Urbanus proteus.jpg) | FIGURE 12a |
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![FIGURE 12b FIGURE 12b](ENCARNACION 64 Urbanus simplicus.jpg) | FIGURE 12b |
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![FIGURE 12c FIGURE 12c](Urbanus teleus composite.jpg) | FIGURE 12c |
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![FIGURE 12d FIGURE 12d](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 49 Urbanus zagorus san rafael 14 nov 07.jpg) | FIGURE 12d |
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![FIGURE 12e FIGURE 12e](Xenophanes tryxus granja de girasoles enc 29 april 09.jpg) | FIGURE 12e |
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Gallery 12 Urbanus and Xenophanes
FIGURE 12a - Turquoise Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus proteus - upper photo Arroyo Mboi Kae, Departamento Itapúa (Regis Nossent July 2005), lower photo Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
FIGURE 12b - Plain Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus simplicus - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
FIGURE 12c - Lined Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus teleus - upper photo Arroyo Mboi Kae, Departamento Itapúa (Regis Nossent July 2005), lower photo Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith April 2009).
FIGURE 12d - Urbanus zagorus - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith November 2007).
FIGURE 12e - Glossy-winged Skipper Xenophanes tryxus - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith April 2009).
![FIGURE 5a FIGURE 5a](Gesta gesta 19 oct 08 arroyo clementina.jpg) | FIGURE 5a |
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![FIGURE 5b FIGURE 5b](Gorgythion begga Jeni Oborn 19 june 08 proc.jpg) | FIGURE 5b |
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![FIGURE 5c FIGURE 5c](ENCARNACION 110 Gorgythion beggina 20 april 08 encarnacion.jpg) | FIGURE 5c |
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![FIGURE 5d FIGURE 5d](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 82 Grais stigmaticus laura tensen procosara feb 08.jpg) | FIGURE 5d |
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![FIGURE 5e FIGURE 5e](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 100b Helias phalaenoides april 08 COMPOSITE.jpg) | FIGURE 5e |
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Gallery 4 Cogia, Dyscophellus, Ebrietas, Epargyreus and Errynis
FIGURE 4a - Cogia calchas - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith January 2008).
FIGURE 4b - Cogia hassan - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Paul Smith December 2009).
FIGURE 4c - Dyscophellus erythras female - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Regis Nossent June 2005).
FIGURE 4d - Black-patched Duskywing Ebrietas anacreon - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2007).
FIGURE 4e - Colossus Skipper Epargyreus clavicornis - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith January 2008).
FIGURE 4f - Errynis funeralis - Bahía de Asunción, Departamento Central (Paul Smith October 2009).
![FIGURE 8a FIGURE 8a](Pellicia vecina www.pybio.org sergio.jpg) | FIGURE 8a |
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![FIGURE 8b FIGURE 8b](Phocides charon 11 sep 08 proc.jpg) | FIGURE 8b |
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![FIGURE 8c FIGURE 8c](Phocides polybus www.pybio.org Sigrid.jpg) | FIGURE 8c |
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![FIGURE 8d FIGURE 8d](SAN RAF BUTTERFLIES 36 Polygonus leo pallida kanguery 6 nov 07b.jpg) | FIGURE 8d |
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![FIGURE 8e FIGURE 8e](Polygonus savigny 6 nov 08 itabo.jpg) | FIGURE 8e |
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![FIGURE 8f FIGURE 8f](Polythrix caunus www.pybio.org Sigrid.jpg) | FIGURE 8f |
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![FIGURE 8g FIGURE 8g](Polythrix octomaculata lag blanca 16 feb 10.jpg) | FIGURE 8g |
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![FIGURE 8h FIGURE 8h](Proteides mercurius lag blanca 15 feb 10.jpg) | FIGURE 8h |
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Gallery 8 Pellicia, Phocides, Polythrix, Polygonus and Proteides
FIGURE 8a - Pellicia vecina - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 8b - Black Boatman Phocides charon - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 8c - Red-shouldered Boatman Phocides polybus - location unknown (Sigrid Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 8d - Polygonus leo - Estancia Kanguery, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith November 2007).
FIGURE 8e - Polygonus savigny - Itabó Itaipú Reserve, Departamento Alto Paraná (Paul Smith November 2008).
FIGURE 8f - Polythrix caunus - location unknown (Sigrid Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 8g - Polythrix octomaculata - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Paul Smith February 2010).
FIGURE 8h - Mercurial Skipper Proteides mercurius - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Paul Smith February 2010).
Thanks to Ezequiel Nuñez-Bustos for assistance with butterfly identification.
Designed by Paul Smith 2006. This website is copyrighted by law.
Material contained herewith may not be used without the prior written permission of FAUNA Paraguay.
Photographs on this page were taken by Paul Smith, Martijn Brouwer,Regis Nossent, Laura Tensen, Jeni Oborn, Moriz Stiefel, Nick Simms, Sylvia Qu, David Gill, Ulf Drechsel, Sigrid Drechsel and Alberto Esquivel and are used with permission.
Special thanks to Ulf Drechsel for permission to use images from his site www.pybio.org.